Pretty much sounds like the USB port in the dash may have an issue with the USB connection or power. I recommend pulling the USB port from the dash and checking the connections. If needed, you can replace the USB port hub, information here:
Media Hub, CarPlay Compatible - 2015-2020 Ford/Lincoln - SYNC 3 - Ford / Information - CyanLabs Official Community
HU5Z-19A387-C (BLUE BACKLIGHTING) Ford (Wide 1 USB-A Port, w/Pass Through)
2016-2019 Ford Focus
Before you purchase a hub for replacement:
It is possible that an update on the phone has caused an issue with this. Look to see what version you are on. The latest Apple version is 15.7. Also, try turning off CP on the Sync unit to see if the phone will charge without CP active.
Another thing to try is to unpair the phone and delete the Bluetooth pairing on the phone. Reboot the phone to wipe the CP and BT cache. Then pair the phone to the Sync unit after you have performed a Master Reset on the Sync unit. This will all be clearing the BT connection, but once this is done, then try to connect with CP. Sometimes if the connection profiles are corrupted it will exhibit issues such as this.